These extralinguistic factors include demographics of the Latino(a) community, judgments about Spanish-language power and vitality, levels of social isolation, and economic pressures. A range of social and cross-cultural factors is also shown to affect informants' opportunities for speaking English and communicating in authentic L2 settings. Participants address L2 speaking anxiety, inner speech, cases of linguistic and racial discrimination, listening strategies, and the influence of both native-speakers and Spanish-English bilinguals on their decisions to stay silent or to speak English in contexts such as family, job, health care, schools, commerce, and government. The research, through daily language-use surveys and semi-structured Spanish-language interviews with the three English-language learners, provides naturalistic narrative data to help learn how WTC changes as learners negotiate their L2 identities and nonnative-speaker status. functions of L2 communication, and affective and social dimensions of language learning are related to participants' willingness to communicate (WTC), a construct that measures a predisposition to talk, rather than stay silent, in L2 interaction. Subjective opinions about silence, their second-language (L2) acquisition processes, comfort levels in various speaking situations.
The descriptive multi-case study asks three adult migrants, first-language (L1) Spanish-speakers from México, about their interpretations of their own and others' silences as they navigate daily life, jobs, family, and English-language learning in the United States.
#SHADOW ERA DEFENDER FREE#
France, Free State Stadium, Bloemfontein, June 22, 2010. Cover illustration: South African fan blowing his vuvuzela at South Africa vs. This collection will appeal to students, scholars, journalists, and fans.
#SHADOW ERA DEFENDER PROFESSIONAL#
The volume concludes with a forum on the World Cup, including Thabo Dladla, Director of Soccer at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, Mohlomi Kekeletso Maubane, a well-known Soweto-based writer and a soccer researcher, and Rodney Reiners, former professional footballer and current chief soccer writer for the Cape Argus newspaper in Cape Town.
The volume is richly illustrated by authors photographs, and the essays in this volume feature chronicles of match day experiences travelogues ethnographies of fan cultures analyses of print, broadcast, and electronic media coverage of the tournament reflections on the World Cups private and public spaces football exhibits in South African museums and critiques of the World Cups processes of inclusion and exclusion, as well as its political and economic legacies. Experts on urban design and communities write on how the presence of the World Cup worked to refashion urban spaces and negotiate the local struggles in the hosting cities. The World Cups sounds, sights, and aesthetics are explored, along with questions of patriotism, nationalism, and spectatorship in Africa and around the world. Peter Alegi and Chris Bolsmann are well-known experts on South African football, and they have assembled an impressive team of local and international journalists, academics, and football experts to reflect on the 2010 World Cup and its broader significance, its meanings, complexities, and contradictions. Africas World Cup: Critical Reflections on Play, Patriotism, Spectatorship, and Space focuses on a remarkable month in the modern history of Africa and in the global history of football.
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